SISTEMA102Radios

A site about radio’s carriers, the platforms replacing them, and who pays for the signal.

The register

Everything, in the order the scale puts it

All 31 pieces, earliest year first. Where the record carries no single date, the year column carries a bracket instead of a numeral.

YearPieceSection
1973Bauer and Global: How Two Groups Came to Carry Most of UK Commercial RadioThe Groups
1985Radio Martí: What the Public Record Shows About a State-Funded BroadcasterThe Groups
1988PRS and PPL: Why UK Radio Pays Two Different Bodies for the Same SongThe Money
1995SoundExchange and the Right That Terrestrial Radio Still Does Not PayThe Money
2000Two Decades Without Ads: The SomaFM and Radio Paradise ModelListening
2004Community Radio's Licensing Deal and Why the Funding Rules Are the PointThe Money
2004How the Copyright Royalty Board Sets the Rate Every Five YearsThe Money
2010RTVE and the Spanish Públicas: Funding Without a Licence FeeThe Groups
2010The Loudness War Reaches a Regulator: R 128 and How Normalisation Changed RadioThe Signal
2011NTS and Worldwide FM: Internet-Native Radio's Operating LogicListening
2012TuneIn and the Aggregator Layer Between Station and EarListening
2014GEMA, SACEM, and How European Collecting Societies Set Their Own RatesThe Money
2016Radio Garden: What Happens When the Map Is the InterfaceListening
2017One Region at a Time: How Norway Turned Off FM in 2017The Switchovers
2017The Masts That Did Not Come DownThe Signal
2019iHeartMedia: The Debt, the Chapter 11, and What Emerged in 2019The Groups
2020Germany's Quiet Mandate: DAB+ in Every New CarThe Switchovers
2020The Dashboard Is the Real BattlegroundListening
2023The American Music Fairness Act and the Case Against the ExemptionThe Money
2024Audacy Files: The Second Large-Group Bankruptcy in Five YearsThe Groups
2024DAB, DAB+, and What the Codec Upgrade Actually ChangedThe Signal
2024Smart Speakers and What Radio Lost When the Tuner DisappearedListening
2024Switzerland Closes the LoopThe Switchovers
2026The Money
BBC Sounds and Sveriges Radio: What a Public-Broadcaster App Has to DoListening
Denmark and the Rest of the Nordic TimetableThe Switchovers
From Microphone to Mast: The Broadcast Chain in Its Current FormThe Signal
HD Radio's Adoption Curve and the Absent Switch-Off DateThe Switchovers
Icecast, HLS, and the Buffer That Lives Between Studio and ListenerThe Signal
The Date That Keeps Moving: Britain's DAB MigrationThe Switchovers
Where FM Is Not Going AwayThe Switchovers